Windows 95 Questions and Brain Dumps

1) What protocols does DUN (dial up networking ) support - TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NetBeui
2) 2 different questions on using long filenames on a Novell Server - Don't remember the exact answer but you'll find it if you look for 'Use OS2 namespace'
3) A user running win95 dial up client with NetBIOS dials into a RAS NT server running NetBIOS and TCP/IP. user wants to be able to access a UNIX server via the NT server via TCP/IP, is this possible? - Not sure if this was right but I went with server needs to run TCP/IP over NetBIOS
4) Where does win32 apps reside in memory? - 4mb - 2gb = win32 apps
5) Setup fails during during hardware detection, what file can you look at? -DETLOG.TXT
6) Where are user profiles stored on a Novell server? - In the users mail subdir. on the server
7) What do you need in order to change a registry key? - The key, the name and the value
8) Can't remember the exact question but there was one on user vs. share level
9) Can't remember the exact question but had something to do with where point and print info is stored on a Novell Server
10) Jim and Sue share a PC that uses profiles. Both use Exchange to access Compuserve. Sue can and Jim can't. Why not? - Because Jim does not have Compuserve as a mail service in his Exchange profile.
11) You are running a DOS app, 16 bit app and 32 bit app. You open a second DOS app and it crashes, what apps can you save your info from? - All of the apps except the one that crashed
12) You have a Win95 desktop with a local laser printer on LPT1. You have access to a post script printer on an NT server on the network. you run a MS-DOS app in a window and configure it for the post script printer. You print a 2 page document from the DOS app and 20 pages print from the local printer. What do you do? - Capture the post script printer to LPT2
13) Where can you change your computer name in the network neighborhood? - In the identification tab under properties on network neighborhood
14) You have 2 departments, SALES and ACCOUNTING. Both run Win 3.1 and need to be upgraded. Sales runs 16 bit and 32 bit apps as well as DOS apps. ACCOUNTING runs 16 bit and 32 bit apps and need effective security. What O/S would you recommend? SALES = Win95 ACCOUNTING = WinNT (any time Microsoft says good, effective, great, super security, it's NT)
15) What file do you run to speed up your hard disk? -defrag.exe
16) You are trying to save a file locally called 'THIS IS MY FILE', it's 300 k. Windows Explorer reports 110mb free of HDD space, there are 314 files in the rood directory, why can't you save the file? - LFN's take up extra space so the 512 limit for the root dir has already been reached.
17) You are running a DOS app in a window, the app is not TAPI aware. You want to send a fax to a shared fax modem? - Can't remember all of the answers but the correct one is, It CANT be done.
18) Linda goes to a foreign country and attempts to dial into the office using remote access. The modem tried to dial but she gets an error message that no dial tone could be detected. Why? - Set the modem to wait for dial tone before dialing
19) Jim and Sue both edit a shared document on the network. They both edit the doc in their briefcase. Jim does not select 'update' but Sue does. What file gets updated? - The shared file on the network
20) Why does Windows 95 print faster than Windows 31 - Because of EMF spooling
21) You have two devices conflicting with each other, where can you look to try and determine where the problem is? - Device Manager
22) You have 100 users running Windows 95. They are running MS file/print sharing for Netware and for Microsoft networks. They access netware shared resources. Microsoft client for Netware is loaded at the workstations. The network has Novell servers and NT servers. What type of user access/server should be used (wording may not be exactly the same) - User level security with Novell validating
23) You access the internet via an ISP. You have no problem entering in IP addresses to get to sites. But when you try to enter a domain name, you are not successful. Why is this? - The DNS server IP address is incorrect
24) One question was about Windows 95 resources vs Windows 3.1 resources - Windows 95 has unlimited resources
25) Question about pre-emptive multitasking and how Windows 95 works with it
26) What is thunking? - The process that is undertaken when a 16bit app makes a call to a 32 bit app
27) What runs in ring 0? - The core OS
28) What memory model do 32 bit apps fall under? -Flat
29) One question asked about how to despool print jobs from Win95 connected to a Novell server -MSPSRV.EXE
30) How do you obtain DUN (dial up networking) server: -By installing Microsoft Plus!
31) What can you use if WINS is not available? -LMHOSTS
32) One question asked Which system out of the following 4 would need to be upgraded to run Win95 - The only one listed with an EGA display
33) What are the advantages of NDIS 3.1 support? - Plug and Play can be loaded dynamically
34) One question about MS-DOS app. running in MS-DOS mode displays out of memory error. What can cause this?
- Can't remember the correct answer
35) One question about process/threads 'Which of the following statements are true concerning processes and threads?' - Each process contains at least one thread
36) No questions on the setup.exe or win.com switches but there was one on 'How do you setup Windows 95 to install from the server?' - NETSETUP.EXE
Know the log files, remember that anything with an extension of LOG is a binary log file that can't be read. So don't chose that one, it will be a TXT file and you can usually find the right answer based on the question (ie...Boot questions = BOOTLOG.TXT, setup stalls BEFORE hardware detection = SETUPLOG.TXT, setup stalls DURING hardware detection DETLOG.TXT
There was a question about how to recover from setup problems and 3 out of the 4 possible answers had some kind of statement about 'deleting' certain files. You NEVER delete any files in the middle of setup because Windows 95 will use them to pass the point where it had problems on the second, third, etc go around. The correct answer was the only one that didn't mention anything about deleting files.
Minimum Hardware Requirements for Windows 95
Intel 386DX, 20MHz processor or higher
4MB RAM
VGA Video adapter and display
Mouse or equivalent pointing device
20MB free hard disk space

Windows 95 Setup Options
Typical- Recommended setup option for minimum user interaction.
Compact- Minimum installation available, for computers with little hard disk space available.
Portable- For users with portable computer's, includes utilities for remote computing.
Custom- Lets user choose which features to include in installation.

Detection Log Files
Windows 95 has several log files generated to detect and troubleshoot problems.
SETUPLOG.TXT- Used to log installation of Windows95. Will note last utility run prior to a system halt.
DETCRASH.LOG- Used to log hardware detection during setup. Readable only by setup to determine which module was running when the system halted.
DETLOG.TXT- Equivalent of DETCRASH.LOG written in a readable format.
NETLOG.TXT- Logs detected network component information.
IOS.LOG - Logs error messages from the SCSI drivers.
PPPLOG.TXT - Logs PPP and dial-up activity.

The infamous Windows 95 Registry
The Registry is designed as a database used by OLE to store information on OLE servers. It is used by Windows 95 to store the information typically found in Windows 3.x .INI files and the reg.dat file. The Registry can be used for troubleshooting and enhancing performance in Windows 95. The registry is a heirarchical tree which contains information about many things in the computer. The following is a list of the Registry subtrees and what they contain:
Subtree
Information stored within HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
Contains information about OLE servers and file associations. It contains the same information that is typically stored in the reg.dat in Windows 3.x.
HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Contains the preferences of the user who is currently logged in. Receives stored information from the user's subtree located in HKEY_USERS. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
Contains hardware information and settings for any device ever installed in the computer. HKEY_USERS
Contains preferences for every user that has ever logged into the computer. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
Contains settings for all hardware devices currently installed in the computer. Does not contain settings for devices included in HKEY_DYN_DATA. HKEY_DYN_DATA
Contains dynamically stored data on performance monitoring. You can use the program Regedit.exe to modify the Registry.
The Registry contains three properties: Name, Data Type, and Value. The Data Type can be a binary value (a collection of bits), a string value (a string of readable characters) and a DWORD value (a binary value limited to 4 bytes).

Intel Memory Protection Architecture
The 386 architecture has four privelege levels designed to protect data from being damaged. Level 0 is the highest, and level 3 is the lowest. Windows 95 only uses levels 0 and 3. It uses level 0 for 95 core components and level 3 for user applications and non-critical components.

Virtual Machines
A virtual machine is an illusional environment created by the operating system in memory. Virtual machines run in ring 3 of the Intel architecture. These are designed to allocate resources to programs that might normally be halted by other programs in memory. Each MS-DOS application runs in its own virtual machine, as they are designed to have total and uninterupted access to all system resources. All other non-MS-DOS based programs run in the System virtual machine.

Windows 95 Core Components
Windows 95 has three core components: Kernel, User and GDI. All three are .DLL files which reside in the system as both 16-bit and 32-bit applications to maintain backwards compatibility. Kernel - Responsible for basic O/S functionality, managing virtual memory, task scheduling, and File I/O services. User - Manages the user interface, including input from devices and interaction with drivers. GDI - Responsible for all graphics manipulation.

Plug and Play
Plug and Play - designed for hardware installation to require no intervention from the user.
A plug and play system needs to consist of the following to be complete:
- A plug and play operating system
- A plug and play BIOS
- Plug and play hardware

Legacy Cards - Hardware designed prior to Plug and Play which, when installed, will not automatically be setup by the OS and must be setup manually.
Bus Enumerator - Type of driver based on a specific bus architecture. Used to build the hardware tree in the registry.

Plug and Play Docking
Docking - The process which a computer uses to establish connection with a docking station.
There are three types of docking:
Hot - Computer can be at full power when it is docked or undocked
Warm - Computer can be in sleep mode when it is docked or undocked
Cold - Computer can must be turned off before being docked or undocked

Disk operations
IFS (Installable File System) - architecture which allows multiple file systems to coexist on the same computer.
VFAT - 32-bit virtualized File Allocation Table used in Win95.
VCache - 32-bit protected mode cache driver which replaces the real-mode SmartDrive.
Long File Names - Win95 supports extended file names which can contain up to 255 characters, unlike DOS which was limited to the 8.3 structure. In Win95, each long file name has a duplicate 8.3 for backwards compatibility.
Memory
Conventional Memory - First 640k of RAM, used for DOS applications and TSR's.
Upper Memory - 384k RAM located between 640k and 1mb. Used to load MS-DOS device drivers to help increase space available for DOS applications.
High Memory Area - Region between 1mb and 1088k.
Extended Memory - Region extending from 1088k to the end of the memory. Was created for DOS applications to be able to access RAM outside of the first 640k.
Expanded Memory - Uses bank-switching to page data in and out of memory quickly.
Virtual Address Spaces
Each process is alloacted a virtual address space for the process's threads to use. This virtual space appears to be 4g in size, with 2g to process for its storage, and 2g for operating system components.
0-4M MS-DOS Compatibility Arena
The lower 4m is reserved for real-mode device drivers, TSRs and 16-bit applications.
4M-2G 32-Bit Windows Applications (Private Arena)
This area is reserved for 32-bit Windows applications, which receive their own unique address space.
2G-3G DLLs and Shared Objects (Shared Arena)
This area is used to share core system components, shared DLLs, and 16-bit Windows applications.
3G-4G Reserved System Area
Ring 0 components are mapped into this area; this area is not accessible by Ring 3 components.
Threads and Processes
Thread - The basic entity to which the operating system allocates access to the CPU.
Process - The code, data and resources which makeup an application. Each process contains at least one thread that execute's the process code.
Thread Priorities - Used to determine which thread will be allowed to run next. Each thread can have a priority number between 0 and 31 with 31 being the highest priority. The ranges of 0-31 are for NT compatibility. The priority values are divided into two sections: 0-15 for variable priority threads, and 16-31 for fixed priority threads.
Thread Scheduling - there are three states a thread can be in:
Ready - Thread is ready to be executed by the scheduler.
Waiting - Thread is waiting for an event to occur to come into the ready state.
Running - Thread is running; only one thread can be running at one time.
Primary Scheduler - Responsible for making sure the highest priority thread is running.
Secondary Scheduler - Makes sure no thread hogs the CPU.
Multitasking
Preemptive multitasking - The O/S divides time into slices (20ms for Win95) and proportions the evenly between runnin applications.
Cooperative multitasking - Applications are required to give up control of the CPU and let other applications take their turn. Some applications tend to hog the CPU using this method.
Multithreading - Used by the preemptive multitasking in Win95 to allow an application to have multiple paths of execution (threads).
Video
VGA fallback - ensures an incompatible video driver will not prevent you from accessing the system. For this to work, there must be a line in the [boot] section of the system.ini reading -- DisplayFallback=0
The color depth is measured in bpp (bits per pixel). The following is a chart relative to the realtionship between bpp and color depth.
Color Depth
BPP
16 colors 4
256 colors 8
32k colors (16-bit) 15
64k colors (16-bit) 16
16.7 million colors 24
Printing
Image Color Matching - Allows applications to provide closer matches for color between graphics displayed on the screen and the same graphics when they are printed. Each devices properties are stored in a profile. These profiles were designed by InterColor 3.0 (a number of vendors which included Kodak, Microsoft, Apple, Silicon graphics, etc.).
Bidirectional printing - Allows two-way communications between the printer and computer. The printer is able to send status and diagnostic information to the computer and its operating system.
What is needed for bidirectional printing:
- A bidirectional printer
- An IEEE 1284 compliant printer cable
- A bidirectional printer port on the computer
Printer Drivers
Unidrv.dll - Printer driver which is used to print to all non-postscript printers.
Friendly Names - Allows printer to be named with a 'normal' name which is up to 32 characters in length. EMF Spooling - Increases performance in the way the computer spools print jobs to the temporary file and allows the application to return to a usable state quicker.
MS-DOS application printing support
Windows 3.x and DOS-based files have been known to have printing problems in Windows 95. The problem is that the program will say that it has spooled the print job to the printer, but the printer never receives the job. The problem is being caused by the programs inability to understand the Windows 95 printing system. Windows 95 has included an MS-DOS printing compatibility feature to allow older programs to print to a virtual LPT port. Windows 95 will map an LPT port to the desired print queue which the older program recognizes.
Printer Icons
Every printer has an icon which refers to how it is used to print:
Printer icon with a hand icon - local printer which is shared
Printer icon alone - local printer unshared
Printer icon with cable attached to bottom - network printer
Printer icon with diskette - printer which is set to print to a file
Point-and-print - the method of using drag and drop to print a document. For example, you can create a shortcut to a printer on your desktop. Then, you can take a Microsoft Word document and drag it to the printer icon. This will then print the document without the need to start the application.
Networking
See the Networking Essentials page to study the OSI model. The OSI model is relavant to networking with Win95.
Universal Naming Convention (UNC) - Universal network pathname which is integrated into Win95. Named as \\computername\sharename. The \\computername will be the name given to your computer in the network properties screen. The \sharename will be the name you give to a directory when you share it.
Browse Master - A computer on the network which is designated to maintain an active list of all computers in the workgroup. Win95 can be designated as having the Browse Master disabled (cannot be a browse server), enabled (will be a browse server) or automatic (will become a browse server if necessary). In a client/server environment, it is best to keep the Browse Master disabled as it has been known to cause conflicts with servers acting as the Browse Master.
Security levels
Share-level security - Used in Windows 95 to share resources. A password is needed to access the resource.
User-level security - Used in Windows NT to share resources. When you attempt to access a shared resource, the server will make sure your user account has been authorized to access the resource. User-level security can be implemented in Windows 95 if specified in the Network Properties menu under the Access Control tab.
Networking with Novell Netware
Novell Netware typically uses the IPX (AKA NWLink) protocol for network communications. Novell Netware 4.11 has TCP/IP capabilties. Frame type describes the format used to encapsulate IPX packets, and must be the same on connecting systems.
Novell Netware by default does not support long file names. To enable long file names on your netware server, enable OS/2 name space (HPFS).
Client for Netware is needed for connecting to Novell Netware servers.
Client for Netware uses NCP (Netware Core Protocol) as the redirector.
ODI is Novell's version of NDIS.
File and Print sharing for Netware is needed when sharing files to other Netware clients. This requires user-level securit for pass-through authentication to a Netware server.
NetWare servers advertise their services using the Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) to make broadcasts over the network. Routers will maintain a database of available NetWare servers.
NetWare commands
syscon - administers accounting, file server, user and group information.
filer - configures volume, file, and directory information.
pconsole - manages NetWare print queues.
netadmin - manages NDS services.
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is an internet protocol currently used for most networking situations. Each computer using TCP/IP will contain a unique address in a x.x.x.x format (where each x equals a number between 0 and 255) and a subnet mask.
Subnet mask - A value that is used to distinguish the network ID portion of the IP address from the host ID.
Default gateway - A TCP/IP address for the host which you would send packets to to be sent elsewhere on the network.
Common TCP/IP problems are caused by incorrect subnet masks and default gateways.
Win95 uses three methods to resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses:
- broadcasts - a computer will broadcast the NetBIOS name it is searching for across the network. The machine with the mataching NetBIOS name will send a reply to the broadcasting computer with its IP address.
- LMHOSTS - a file normally located in the windows directory which contains a list of frequently used IP address and hostnames.
- WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service) - Win95 contacts an NT Server running these services to dynamically resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) - Win95 contacts an NT Server running this service to automatically obtain an IP address each time it logs onto the network.
Server-Based Setup
Windows 95 can use a server-based setup to be installed from a server. This will keep most or all of the files on a server, which your PC will connect to upon each boot.
Machine Directory - directory on server which stores computer-specific configuration files (system.dat, user.dat, .ini files, etc.) for a PC. Is mandatory to use when the PC does not have a hard drive. Machine directory can be shared for multiple PCs with the same configuration.
Shared installation files can be stored in one of three places:
Startup disk - Boot disk which contains mini-registry which will give it enough information to boot to the network/shared server.
Machine Directory
Shared installation directory - Contains all Win95 filesand is flagged as read-only.
You can use Batch.exe (located in the admin\nettools\netsetup directory on the CDROM) to create batch setup scripts for use after the installation.
Advanced Administration
User Profiles - user preference settings which are stored locally or on the server, which are reloaded to the system everytime the user logs in. The settings can be specified to contain user preferences for the Start Menu, Network Neighborhood, and the desktop settings. User Profiles can be enabled via the Passwords Properties menu in the Control Panel.
Policies - settings which are controlled by the administrator to control what the user is able to do on their computer. To use policies, you must have User Profiles enabled. Changes are made to Policies by using the System Policy Editor (Poledit.exe) which is located on the Win95 CD. Policies can be setup for individuals, groups, and also computers. Policies can be stored locally or on the server. The default policy file is config.pol. To use this across the network, the file must be placed in the NETLOGON share of the Primary Domain Controller on a Windows NT network.
Net Watcher - program which enables the administrator to remotely view a PC and view the active connections, shares and open files. Is available when the net watcher service installed in Network Properties. Does not require user-level security.
Remote Registry Editor - enables abililty to remotely edit the registry within regedit.exe. Is only available if the PC has user-level security enabled, and the remote registry service installed in Network Properties.
Remote Administration - administration tool which enables the administrator to gain access to a remote PC's file system. To use this, you must have Remote Administration enabled in the Passwords Properties menu in the Control Panel under the Remote Administration tab. To gain access to this utility, enter Network Neighboorhood, right-click on the computer you would like to administer, and click on Properties. In the next window, click the Administer button.
95 does not use DOS interrupts
95 does not have a pif editor
VSHARE has built in support
To restrict user choice of workgroups must have workgrp.ini
Description of computer is up to 48 characters but cannot have a comma
Difference between a mail message and a fax is the format of the recipient address
Special logon procedures for DUN you should bring up the terminal window after dialing
Exchange can communicate with another mail system using MAPI service provider
Win95 postoffice compared to Microsoft Mail
95 has no gateway or multiple P.O. support but has more admin tools
Cannot install 95 on OS/2 unless dual booted with DOS
Can install 3.1 Program Manager in Custom setup
Character encoding scheme for Long File Names is Unicode
You cannot disable VFAT, it is the primary system
DUN supports compression only with PPP
95 can only support one real mode client at a time
95 cannot install Microsoft Client for NetWare if VLM's are installed
Internet connection without DHCP will require the following
Subnet Mask
Gateway IP
And your own IP
95 supports unlimited UNC connections
Default subnet mask for B class IP is 255.255.0.0
Typical Setup for Win 95 disk space is
40M for New Install
30 MB for 3.1 upgrade
20 MB for 3.11 Upgrade
Portable Setup Option
Briefcase, Direct Cable Connection, Dial-Up Networking
Thread is a unit of execution that performs the action.
To move a file, hold SHIFT and drag, to copy a file, hold CTRL
To enable user profiles on a local machine, you click the User Profiles tab in the Passwords option in CP. Then select Users
Can Customize Their Preferences and Desktop Setting
Net Watcher - admin tool for creating controlling and monitoring remote shared resources
Auto-Reconnect of network resources if line is dropped on both Client for NetWare and Microsoft Networks
To run Banyan, you must choose Custom Setup and add Banyan Token-Ring as the network client in the Net Config Dialog Box
For Novell, to configure Point and Print info must enter the print server, and display the print queue. Select print queue and Set Driver Path, then Set Printer Model.
In Explorer, View/Options/File Types and set which program is associated with a specific file
Hyperterminal can - connect to a debugging terminal, to another computer to send and receive files, connect to a bulletin board
95 checks hardware devices for a legacy computer by checking
I/O ports
Specific Memory Addresses
Checking identification codes returned by P.P devices
If machine fails, maybe upper memory conflict, type win /d:x and will start 95 excluding the adapter area in upper memory addresses
Having file transfer errors should move to flow control of software
Can't find modem, what could be wrong?
Other programs using modem COM port
Modem's COM port is not active
Modem has incorrect IRQ settings
Claimed minimum RAM of 4MB, but with Exchange or Microsoft Network or run multiple Win32 apps then 8MB is required 95 is only system that can run Server-based setup
Hardware info stored in Hkey_Local_Machine
To enable remote administration, you need to click the Remote Admin tab in the Passwords option of CP, and click the Enable Remote Admin of this Server Option.
SAP advertising must be enabled to allow NETX and VLM clients to access resources on 95. Can be enabled at File and Print Sharing for NetWare network
To match server names across remote networks where WINS servers are not available, you can use LMHOSTS file.
386DX or higher
4MB of memory (8MB recommended)
VGA-compatible video adapter
Windows 95 is expected to use approximately 35-45MB additional hard disk space
Optional, but recommended, equipment includes a mouse, CD-ROM drive, modem, and audio card
Win95 Can be Installed from:
? MS-DOS version 3.2 or higher with 35-45 MB of free space
? Windows 3.x
? Windows for Workgroups 3.1x
? Dual-boot OS/2 (with MS-DOS)
? Dual-boot Windows NT (with MS-DOS)
When dual booting into DOS 7.0 from Win95, the device driver that is used is CONFIG.DOS not the CONFIG.SYS.
Win95's setup is divided into the following four logical phases:
1. Hardware Detection
2. Asking configuration questions
3. Copying component files for Windows 95
4. Configuring the final system
Another problem for plug and play is that it may cause the system to crash when running Hardware Detect.
If Setup fails because of a hang during the hardware detection, the last entry in the Setup.log identifies where the process was
interrupted. To recover and resume, users simply rerun Setup.
Know the Safe Recovery and Setup Log Files:
? BOOTLOG.TXT (describes system startup processes)
? DETLOG.TXT (the hardware detection log)
? NETLOG.TXT (records detected network errors)
? DETCRASH.LOG if Setup fails, records detected crash
? SETUPLOG.TXT (Setup tracing, is used by Safe Recovery, if errors occur during the Hardware or Network detection phase)
? Setup fails during hardware detection, what file cans you look at? -DETCRASH.log
Computers running Windows 95 can use long filenames on NetWare 3.x and 4.x volumes configured to use the OS/2 name space, which emulates an HPFS volume. Filenames on such NetWare volumes have a maximum length of 254 characters and use an 8.3 truncation on the first instance of the filename.
To enable long filenames on a NetWare volume
1. At the NetWare server console prompt, type the following lines: load OS2 add name space os2 to volume sys
2. Then add the following line to the STARTUP.CNF file: load OS2
3. Shut down the file server. Then copy the file OS2.NAM from the NetWare distribution disks or compact disc to the same disk and
directory that contains SERVER.EXE on the NetWare file server.
Windows 95 Setup only enables long-filename support with NetWare servers version 3.12 or higher.
Values can be set globally using system policies. The related policy name is Support Long Filenames under policies for Client for NetWare Networks.
The Windows 95 core components and shared DLLs reside in the shared address space between 2 GB and 3 GB. This makes them available to all applications.
? 4MB - 2GB 32Bit apps
? 2GB - 3GB 16Bit apps and Windows 95's shared DLLs
? 3GB - 4GB Ring 0
The smallest unit of measurement in a process is a thread.
By default, all 16-bit apps are run in a single VDM.
Plug and Play works by performing the following tasks:
? Identifying installed devices
? Determining device resource requirements
? Creating a non-conflicting system configuration
? Programming devices
? Loading Plug and Play
? Notifying the operating system of configuration changes
When a user account is created on a NetWare server, a subdirectory of the MAIL directory is created automatically for that user.
Because a Mail directory is always available for each user, Windows 95 uses these individual directories to store user profiles. If you want to use user profiles to enforce a mandatory desktop, place the related USER.MAN file in the users' MAIL directories.
If you are using System Policies to enforce specific desktop or system setting, the appropriate CONFIG.POL file must be stored in the SYS:PUBLIC directory on each NetWare server that users use as a preferred server. Windows 95 automatically downloads policies from this file. If you have difficulties printing to a PostScript printer over a network, it may be because banner pages are incorrectly configured on the NetWare server. Unless banner pages are correctly configured on the NetWare server, they will cause errors and nothing will print. There is no Enable TrueType Fonts setting in Win95, since it uses them by default.
Services Shipped with Windows 95
Arcada Software-Backup Exec Agent
Cheyenne Sofware-ARCserve Agent
Hewlett-Packard JetAdmin
Microsoft File and Print Sharing for NetWare Networks, and Microsoft Network Monitor Agent
Microsoft Remote Registry
Keep the number of workstations to no more than 50 in a workgroup, to reduce broadcast traffic.
Virtual Display Device (VDD.VXD) - Generic VxD used by the mini-VDD to virtualize the video hardware; supplied by Microsoft.
Mini-VDD - Hardware-specific VxD to virtualize the video hardware so that more than one virtual machine (VM) can share the same display written by IHV.
The Registry is contained in SYSTEM.DAT and USER.DAT (in win95root\profiles\user), with backup files of SYSTEM.DA0 and USER.DA0.
GRPCONV.EXE can convert old Win3x groups to Win95, if they are not converted properly, or recreate Win95's default folders. Know where group system policies must be stored on a Microsoft network (\\PDC\NETLOGON\CONFIG.POL).
NETSETUP, without any switches, sets Win95 up for server-based Setup on a NetWare network.
Manage the file system of a remote computer by using Net Watcher
Enable user-level security and remote administration; grant remote administration privilege to the network administrator
Edit a remote computer's Registry by using Registry Editor or System Policy Editor
Enable user-level security and remote administration, and install Microsoft Remote Registry services
Monitor performance of a remote computer by using System Monitor Enable
If the computer is configured for user-level access control, click the Add button, and add the appropriate administrators. Click OK.
To install Microsoft Remote Registry services
1. In the Network option in Control Panel, click Add.
2. In the Select Network Component Type dialog box, double-click Service.
3. In the Select Network Service dialog box, click the Have Disk button.
4. In the Install From Disk dialog box, type the path to the ADMIN\NETTOOLS\REMOTREG directory on the Windows 95 compact disc, and then click OK.
5. In the Install From Disk dialog box, click OK.
6. In the Select Network Service dialog box, click Microsoft Remote Registry, and then click OK.
What steps are needed to rebuild a damaged registry?
1 Run Setup, Select Recovery, Verify system files
2 Restart, F8, Safe Mode
3 Import a backup registry.
You must also install the Remote Registry service on the administrator's computer to ensure that the WINREG.DLL file is in the Windows SYSTEM directory on that computer.
MS-DOS mode does not necessarily ensure better performance.
DriveSpace has a compressed drive limit of 512MB.
DriveSpace3, which comes with Microsoft+, boosts that value up to 2GB.
Compressed drives are listed in Explorer as a file, something like DBLSPACE.001.
To make a compressed drive bigger is as easy as clicking on the drive you want enlarged,
? Click the Drive menu, and clicking the Adjust Free Space button. Then move the slider to whatever position you want.
? Don't use JOIN, as Defrag will not be able to work on this drive.
The root directory is still limited to 512 entries. And each long filename takes up more than 1 entry in the root.
Application Support questions.
? Recently-used documents are placed in Documents only if they were spawned by a 32-bit app. Explorer counts.
? You can only use hotkeys to start apps if those hotkeys are enabled in the program's Property sheet.
? If you cannot print from an app, bypass spooling by printing to a file, then drag that file onto the printer.
You cannot fax from a program that is not MAPI-compliant. So if you cannot drag a document from that app into one that provides MAPI support, you cannot fax from it.
Quick View does not allow faxing, just viewing.
Dial-Up client comes with Windows95. Dial-Up Server comes with Microsoft Plus.
Thunking allows a 16-bit Windows-based application to load and call a Win32-based DLL on Windows NT and Windows 95.
How can you implement SLIP? Add / Remove Programs, use CD-Folder: \admin\apptools\slip
To despool print jobs from a NetWare Print Server to a local Win95 computer-printer you have to install MSPSRV.
Logging the modem activity (Control panel - modem - connection - advanced...) Logs are written to modemlog.txt
Detection of hardware searches for legacy devices only in setup and Add New Hardware
Enumeration finds P and P devices each time 95 starts
The components of a Plug and Play system include:
? A Plug and Play operating system
? A Plug and Play Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
? Plug and Play hardware devices with drivers
due to the Plug and Play BIOS, the system supports full dynamic operation, including hot docking, APM 1.1 power management, automatic configuration of boot devices, and programming of motherboard devices.
You can use Device Manager to cause Windows 95 to not load drivers or allocate resources for a device.
On the Device Manager tab, click the device you want, and then click Properties.
On the General tab, click the Original Configuration (Current) check box to clear it, and then click OK.
32-bit PCMCIA support is disabled by default.
How can I tell if Windows 95 recognizes my PCMCIA card correctly?
Look for the PC card icon on the taskbar.
Check the PC card icon in Control Panel.
To determine whether APM is installed, check to see if a Suspend Command appears on the Start menu. If not, check to see if a Power icon appears in Control Panel. If there is a Power icon, APM is installed.
To make the Suspend command available on the Start menu, double-click the Power icon is Control Panel, then click 'Always show Suspend command on Start menu.'
To send faxes using Microsoft Fax, your profile must include the following information Services:
Microsoft Fax
Personal Address
Book Personal Folders
To prevent 'General Error!' messages, leave the Subject line in the fax blank.
The Personal Folders information service contains your mail folders (in a .pst file). When you send a fax, the Personal Folders service is required because the .pst file is used as a temporary store while you are composing a fax.
Use the Microsoft Exchange client. This should allow you to send faxes with text in the Subject line.
You may be unable to save user profiles to a Microsoft Windows NT server. This problem can occur if the following conditions exist: The Primary Network Login setting is not set to Client For Microsoft Networks, or User profiles are not enabled, or Home directories are not set up correctly.
To check home, Net use x: /home Where x is a drive letter To upgrade Windows 3.0 to Windows 95, run Setup from MS-DOS.
To run previous version of DOS: Type the following command at an MS-DOS prompt to remove the system, hidden, and read-only attributes of the Msdos.sys file:
attrib c:\msdos.sys -s -h -r Use a text editor (such as Notepad) to edit the Msdos.sys file and add the following line to the [Options] section of the file: BootMulti=1 Restart your computer and press F4 or F8 when you see the 'Starting Windows 95' message. Windows 95 removes some MS-DOS utilities. CD-ROM Drive problems Make sure the correct real-mode driver for the CD-ROM drive is installed on the hard disk, provided by mfctr Verify that the correct driver statement is in the Config.sys file, and that the driver statement specifies the correct path for the driver. Verify that Mscdex.exe is being loaded in the Autoexec.bat file
Connect to IBM LAN Server computer using Client for Microsoft Networks The Windows for Workgroups-based computer uses a frame type of 802.3. You must change the frame type of the IPX/SPX network protocol on your computer to match. On the Advanced tab of IPX/SPX, click Frame Type in Property box, and click the appropriate frame type in the Value box.
You are given a MS-DOS program that terminates if run under Windows, to run it Turn Prevent MS-DOS based Programs from detecting windows on.
DUN supports TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NetBEUI (NOT: DecNET) With .emf spooling applications return to the user quicker.
'Applications print faster' makes the second renderer start sooner.
Ring architecture of the Intel processor protects the OS and apps from directly accessing hardware and critical system areas.
A copy of the Exchange executable is being downloaded every time you run exchange when connected to network via DUN.
Mail 3.2 server needs the location of the Mail server post office and your username and password to check mail.
Machine is running slow,
Set NetWatcher to see whether computer's shares are accessed from the network
Set System Monitor to check her memory usage (not running millions of instances of a program)
Check that there is a big enough swapfile.
Hit F1 for online help
A process has at least one thread and is the unit for Preemptive multitasking.
Win95 app MSPRNV.EXE allows you to despool a print queue from a NetWare server
You want to access a NetWare server. What do you need to do? (select2)
Install Client for NetWare Networks
Install real mode ODI drivers.
Where are user profiles stored on a stand-alone computer (i.e. not networked)? USER.DAT
Insights to NetWare on Windows 95 Exams:
1. Setpass to change passwords not part of Win95 GUI, use command line.
2. If NetWare is security provider you must use User level security.
3. Who am I, identifies NetWare logon. Found from right clicking on Network Neighborhood.
4. Disable Sap Advertising in properties of File and Print Services for NetWare.
5. On Win95 you can't have F/P services for both M/S and NetWare.
6. 32 Client for NetWare which comes with Win95 is found in Clients under the Microsoft Manufacture.
7. Standard Clients for Win95 can not access Novell NDS, unless NetWare is using bindary mode.
8. Need to use capture command for NetWare printers.
9. System policies are stored in Public directory of NetWare.
10. User profiles are stored in users mail directory for NetWare.
There is another name for NetBEUI in Win95; it is client for Microsoft Networks.
Windows95 is based on the two industry standard models: ISO model and the IEEE 802 model.
Windows95's network architecture is to support the multiple networks listed below:
? Microsoft's Win95 or Windows Workgroup 3.11
? Microsoft's Windows NT Workstation and NT server
? Artisoft LANtastic
? Banyan VINES
? DEC PATHWORKS
? Novell NetWare
? SunSoft's PC-NFS
Microsoft's claims Win95 is made of 32-bit VxD architecture. VxD means virtual device drivers, which are loaded dynamically when needed by the system. If you want to use IPX/SPX, Win95 can load it automatically if you have already installed it. The biggest difference between 16-bit system and 32-bit system is 32-system works in protected mode. While in protected mode, the memory address is from 0 to 232.
NDIS means Network Device Interface Specification, in Win95, it support NDIS 2.0 and NDIS 3.1 but doesn't support NDIS 3.0, of course you can use NDIS 3.1 The mini-driver lets adapter manufacturer implements only the half of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer functionality that is specific to the network adapter. You can recognize a mini-driver by its .SYS filename extension; while other drivers have .VxD extensions.
You must use Novell's Client32 if you need one or more of the following features: Full NDS support Reliable execution of login scripts NETX/VLM emulation for legacy apps NetWare/IP support User-level access control doesn't work over IPX NWServer.
Which is a feature of Win NT Workstation: User level passwords Which is a feature of Win 95: Shared resources with passwords A subnet mask is used to mask a portion of the IP address so that TCP/IP can distinguish the network ID from the host ID.
TCP/IP hosts communicate by using the subnet mask to determine whether the destination host is located on a local or remote network. net time \\server /set /y synchs your computer time with another computer's clock net use displays your mapped network drives After quitting Windows Messaging, you may notice that mapisp32 is still running. Mapisp32 continues to run for 20 seconds after you quit Windows Messaging.
Assign a network resource by using its UNC name. UNC names are in the format \\server\share. Windows 95 defaults to this method.
Assign a local name to the network resource, like a printer.
Assign a drive letter to a remote disk drive. Both computers involved in Remote Administration must use the same level of security (either user-level or share-level security).
Remote Administration contains three components:
? Net Watcher
? System Monitor
? File System Administration
To use System Monitor, user-level security is required and the Remote Registry service must be enabled on the computer being remotely administered. The Net Watcher and File System Administration tools do not require user-level security or that the Remote Registry service be enabled.
When you enable Enhanced Metafile (EMF) spooling in Windows 95, your application does not wrap text around objects properly. To work around this situation change the Spool Data Format from EMF to RAW.
The Enhanced Metafile format allows Windows 95 to use a full 32-bit GDI instruction set. When you print using the EMF spooling option, Windows 95 creates an EMF that contains a complete set of instructions that re-create the image as printed output.
This causes control of your computer to return more quickly than under previous versions of Windows.
MAPI Service Providers enable Microsoft Exchange users to retrieve electronic mail from multiple different providers using the same consistent interface.
Printers which are not accessible in a given configuration will be automatically set up for deferred operation when that configuration is active.
Select the printer that you want to defer jobs for.
Choose 'Work Offline' from the 'File' menu. The printer you selected should now be grayed out, indicating that jobs for that printer will be deferred.
The DriveSpace program integrates itself into the disk driver architecture of Windows 95.
It is able to re-map drive letters and re- route requests from a physical disk drive to a logical Compressed Volume File. When DriveSpace is activated, it does the following things to the underlying system configuration:
Drive letter 'C:' is reassigned from the physical disk to the DriveSpace compression engine.
DriveSpace associates drive letter 'C:' to a specific Compressed Volume File (.CVF) on a physical disk drive.
All system requests for data on physical drive C: are translated to requests to extract data from the CVF on a physical host drive and decompress it.
The underlying physical disk drive is assigned a new letter (usually beginning with drive 'H:'), which is then hidden. It is possible to have a CVF take up only a portion of the free space on a physical disk, or to have multiple CVFs on one physical disk drive.
To break the association between a file in the Briefcase and the original copy of the file, select the file in the Briefcase window, then choose 'Split from Original' from the Briefcase menu.
With a UNC naming scheme, the Briefcase is able to address the needed server and share directly, eliminating the need to manage drive letter mappings. Windows 95 also adds 'Suspend' mode support. On a power-managed system, Windows 95 will deactivate and power down PCMCIA devices and sockets when the machine enters Suspend mode, and re-initialize all PCMCIA hardware when normal operation resumes. This helps to conserve battery life.
Windows 95 will ship with built in support for three major classes of servers:
*Point to Point Protocol (PPP). Point-to-point protocol is the emerging standard for remote network access. PPP is used by many Internet service providers, and is the default protocol used by Windows 95, Microsoft Windows PPP enables multi-protocol routing. A single PPP connection can carry traffic based on a variety underlying network protocols. In fact, any protocol that could ordinarily be sent over a physical network connection can also be routed over a PPP connection. PPP accomplishes this feat by inserting itself at the network driver layer. A PPP client and server can provide remote access to virtually any network, whether it uses IPX, TCP/IP, NetBEUI, some other protocol, or a combination of protocols.
*Remote Access Service protocol (RAS). RAS was the protocol used by Windows NT 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups. It is maintained for compatibility with those systems.
*NetWare Connect protocol. This protocol is used to connect to servers based on Novell Corporation's Netware Connect product. Windows 95's support provides the same functionality as Novell's MS-DOS-based Netware Connect client software.
Explicit Connections enable remote users to create a connection to a particular network. For example, a user could choose to explicitly dial a corporate network or information service, and then use the resources provided by that network. Implicit Connections are automatically created by Windows 95 when the user requests a network resource, Windows 95 will automatically dial the remote computer in order to retrieve the requested data
Unlike earlier operating systems, the TAPI (Telephony Applications Programming Interface) within Windows 95 takes over responsibility for figuring out how to operate the telephone and modem. Rather than requiring you to define a modem command string with the appropriate codes, pauses, and numbers in it, TAPI combines information on where you are calling, and where you are calling to, and figures out the appropriate way to dial and connect the call. To move Dialing Properties definitions to a new machine, copy the [Locations] section of the TELEPHON.INI file.
ScanDisk checks:
? Local hard drives
? Floppy drives
? RAM drives and memory cards
? Mounted drives that are compressed with Microsoft DoubleSpace or DriveSpace
You can use Disk Defragmenter on a DriveSpace or DoubleSpace drive, but do not use it on drives compressed with programs other than Microsoft's DriveSpace or DoubleSpace unless their documentation says to Start System Monitor from the System Tools area.
You can configure it to report on areas such as Free Memory, Disk Cache Size, Allocated Memory, Swapfile in Use, Swapfile size and Processor Usage, and use the information you obtain to optimize performance.
Windows 95 ships with the first Windows version of DriveSpace, version 2.0. Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 ships version 3.0, better known as DriveSpace3, which has some advantages over version 2.0. It offers:
? Support for compressed drives up to 2GB where version 2.0 only has support for up to 512MB
? Multiple levels of compression (including none) on a single compressed DriveSpace3 drive
? Improvements to Adjust Free Space
? A scheduling Compression Agent (see below) when a DriveSpace 3 drive is created
? DriveSpace3 offers three types of compression:
*UltraPack
*HiPack
*Standard
Troubleshooting Windows 95 Using Safe Mode
Starting Windows 95 in Safe mode bypasses the current real-mode configuration and loads a minimal protected-mode configuration,
disabling Windows 95 device drivers and using the standard VGA display adapter.
MS-DOS-Based Programs
Your existing MS-DOS-based programs should run from Windows 95. If you experience problems with an MS-DOS-based program, you can set it up to run in an MS-DOS environment.
Create a shortcut to the MS-DOS-based program.
Right click the shortcut icon, and then select Properties.
Click the Program tab, and then click Advanced.
Make sure that the MS-DOS Mode box is checked.
If performance problems with DOS mode,
Properties, Drag the Idle Sensitivity slider toward Low.
In the Background area, make sure that Suspend Always is not checked.
Windows 95 with Microsoft Client for NetWare can experience problems with NetWare 3.12 and 4.01 servers if packet burst is turned on. Download the file Pburst.exe from the Novell Web site
Disable long filename support in Client for NetWare.
Click the Start menu, click Run, and then type Regedit.
Go to HKEY_Local_Machine\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD\NWRedir
Create a new binary value named supportLFN with a value of 0.
The Login Script Processor for the Microsoft Client for NetWare should correctly process all commands in your login scripts.
However, you cannot load memory-resident programs (TSRs) from these scripts.
You cannot install Client for NetWare Networks and Service for NetWare Directory Services (NDS) during the same installation session. If you do, your NDS printers will appear to be offline.
Remove both Client for NetWare Networks and Service for NDS.
Add Service for NDS.
If your local area network is using NetWare 4.1 or later, there is no need to install Client for NetWare Networks separately.
When you install Service for NDS, it also installs the Client for NetWare Networks.
When you run the 16-bit real-mode driver for your Plug and Play network interface card (NIC), your Plug and Play card might appear not to function.
On most computers, the Plug and Play card is inactive until Windows 95 enables it. 16-bit NIC drivers load before Windows 95 can turn on Plug and Play cards.
Some 16-bit NIC drivers do not recognize Plug and Play cards (most NE2000 P and P).
Run the Softset utility that comes with your Plug and Play card, and then set the card to non-Plug and Play mode.
When you upgrade to Windows 95 from Windows for Workgroups, your shares are not maintained
DEC Pathworks
Loaded as a protocol, not a service
Windows 95 provides support for upgrading over existing DEC PATHWORKS V5.0+.
PATHWORKS must be started before running Windows 95 Setup to automatically detect and upgrade PATHWORKS components.
Long filenames do not work correctly on PATHWORKS servers up to and including version 5.0b.
You will be able to create and delete LFN files and make and remove LFN folders, but the files and folders will not appear when you use the DIR command, or when you open an Explorer window to the PATHWORKS server
If you are using user profiles over a Windows NT or Novell NetWare network, and you include Start Menu/Programs, Network Neighborhood, and/or desktop icons in your profile, the server must have long Filename support to ensure that these parts of the user profile work over the network.
If you install a network that does not use protected-mode protocols, such as Novell NetWare 3.x, you might see a yellow warning icon next to your network adapter in Device Manager.
You can ignore this warning; your network is fully functional.
The Hardware tree
The hardware tree is constructed every time Windows starts or you click Refresh in Device Manager and is maintained as device configuration changes
The Current Control Set
The Current Control Set contains information to load and start Windows Ring 0 components. There are two keys under HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet. The Control key contains information used to control system startup, including the computers network name and the subsystems to start. The Services key contains information to control the loading and configuration of drivers, file systems, and so on. The data in the Services key also controls how these services call each other.
The Software tree
Almost every device node has a corresponding node in the software tree. Devices are organized in classes, like Ports for serial/parallel ports, and Net for network adapters. The UI for non-network classes in ControlPanel | System | Device Manager, and for network classes is ControlPanel | Network. The registry key for classes is HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class. The first Subkey is the class name, and the second Subkey is an index. They contain information for the Device/Network Property sheets

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